noun / adjective HSK 4
rén gōng
manual labor · artificial · man-made · labor cost

Meaning

人工 literally means 'human work' and has two main uses: as a noun referring to manual labor or the cost of labor, and as an adjective meaning artificial or man-made (as opposed to natural). It's commonly used in contexts involving construction, manufacturing, and discussing whether something is natural or synthetic.

Usage

When used as a noun, 人工 often appears in phrases discussing labor costs (人工费 'labor fees') or manual work. As an adjective, it typically modifies nouns to indicate something is artificial or synthetic, like 人工智能 'artificial intelligence'. In contrast to 天然 (natural), 人工 emphasizes human creation or intervention.

Examples

  1. 01
    这个项目的人工成本太高了。
    Zhège xiàngmù de réngōng chéngběn tài gāo le.
    The labor costs for this project are too high.
  2. 02
    人工智能正在改变我们的生活。
    Réngōng zhìnéng zhèngzài gǎibiàn wǒmen de shēnghuó.
    Artificial intelligence is changing our lives.

Characters

Common collocations

  • 人工智能
    rén gōng zhì néng
    artificial intelligence (AI)
  • 人工
    rén gōng fèi
    labor cost
  • 人工呼吸
    rén gōng
    artificial respiration, CPR
  • 人工
    rén gōng
    artificial lake

Antonyms

Origin

Combines 人 (person) and 工 (work/labor) to literally mean 'human work,' which naturally extends to both the concept of manual labor and things made by human effort rather than occurring naturally.

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