noun / localizer / adjective / prefix HSK 1
qián
front · forward · before · ago · former · previous

Meaning

is a fundamental spatial and temporal word meaning 'front' or 'before'. As a spatial term, it indicates the space in front of something. As a temporal term, it means 'ago' or 'previous', referring to time that has passed.

Usage

is extremely common in everyday speech. It appears in time expressions (三天 'three days ago'), spatial descriptions (面 'in front'), and as a prefix meaning 'former' (男友 'ex-boyfriend'). It often combines with 面 to form 面 for spatial contexts.

Examples

  1. 01
    我三年来过北京。
    sān nián qián lái guò Běijīng.
    I came to Beijing three years ago.
  2. 02
    面有一家咖啡店。
    Qián miàn yǒu jiā kāfēi diàn.
    There's a coffee shop up ahead.

Common collocations

  • qián miàn
    in front, ahead
  • qián
    before, in the past
  • ...
    ... qián
    ... ago (time expression)
  • qián tiān
    the day before yesterday

Antonyms

Origin

The character originally depicted a boat moving forward on water, with the top part representing a foot stepping forward. This gave it the core meaning of 'advancing' or 'going forward', which evolved into 'front' and 'before'.

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