Meaning
包括 means to include or encompass something as part of a larger whole. It's used when listing items, people, or concepts that are contained within a group or category. The word combines 包 (to wrap/contain) and 括 (to include/enclose), creating the meaning of wrapping up or encompassing multiple elements.
Usage
包括 typically appears before the items being included, often in formal or written contexts. It's commonly used in explanations, descriptions, and lists. Native speakers frequently use the pattern '包括...在内' (including...within) for emphasis, or simply '包括...' followed by the included items. More formal than the colloquial '有' when listing components.
Examples
- 01这个价格包括早餐和晚餐。.This price includes breakfast and dinner.
- 02参加活动的人包括老师、学生和家长。, .People participating in the activity include teachers, students, and parents.
Characters
Common collocations
- 包括在内to be included (within)
- 不包括not including, excluding
- 其中包括among which includes
Antonyms
Origin
Both characters relate to containing or enclosing: 包 originally depicted wrapping something, while 括 combines the hand radical with a phonetic component suggesting gathering or binding together.