verb HSK 4
niàn
to read aloud · to study · to miss (someone) · to think of

Meaning

is a versatile verb with several related meanings. Most commonly, it means to read aloud or recite, especially texts, prayers, or poetry. It also means to study (often in the context of attending school), and emotionally, to miss or think of someone with longing.

Usage

When referring to reading aloud, emphasizes vocalization (unlike 读 which can be silent). In the sense of missing someone, it's more literary and emotional than 想. 书 (to study/attend school) is extremely common in everyday speech. It appears in many set phrases and literary contexts.

Examples

  1. 01
    我在美国大学。
    zài Měiguó niàn xué.
    I attend university in America.
  2. 02
    我很家里的父母。
    hěn niàn jiā de .
    I really miss my parents back home.

Common collocations

  • niàn shū
    to study; to attend school
  • 大学
    niàn xué
    to attend university
  • xiǎng niàn
    to miss (someone)
  • niàn jīng
    to chant/recite scriptures

Antonyms

Origin

The character is composed of 今 (jīn, now/present) on top and 心 (xīn, heart) on bottom, suggesting 'what is in the heart now' or 'present thoughts,' which relates to both thinking and remembering.

Related