adjective / noun / adverb / conjunction HSK 5
old · former · reason · cause · 故 therefore · 故 intentionally · 故 incident

Meaning

is a classical Chinese character with multiple related meanings. As an adjective it means 'old' or 'former'. As a noun it means 'reason', 'cause', or 'incident'. As a conjunction it means 'therefore' or 'hence'. It appears frequently in formal or literary contexts and in set expressions.

Usage

is common in formal writing, idioms, and compound words but rarely used alone in casual speech. When used as 'therefore', it appears in classical-style writing or formal announcements. It's very productive in compounds like 事 (story), 乡 (hometown), 意 (intentionally).

Examples

  1. 01
    意不告诉我真相。
    gào su zhēn xiàng.
    He intentionally didn't tell me the truth.
  2. 02
    我很想念乡的风景。
    hěn xiǎng niàn xiāng de fēng jǐng.
    I really miss the scenery of my hometown.

Common collocations

  • shi
    story
  • xiāng
    hometown
  • intentionally, on purpose
  • shì
    accident

Antonyms

Origin

The character combines 古 (ancient) and 攵 (action/strike), originally suggesting an action from ancient times or old matters. Over time it developed meanings of 'cause', 'reason', and 'therefore'.

Related