adjective / verb / adverb HSK 1
white · clear · blank · in vain · free of charge
Meaning
白 is a fundamental color word meaning 'white' and extends to meanings like 'clear,' 'plain,' or 'blank.' It also functions as an adverb meaning 'in vain' or 'for nothing,' and can mean 'free of charge.' This character is one of the most basic and versatile in Chinese, appearing in countless compound words.
Usage
As a color, 白 describes anything white or pale. When used adverbially (白 + verb), it emphasizes that an action was done uselessly or for free. In compounds, it often conveys clarity, plainness, or lack of content. Very common in everyday speech across all registers.
Examples
- 01她今天穿了一件白色的衬衫。.She wore a white shirt today.
- 02我白跑了一趟，他不在家。, .I made a trip for nothing; he wasn't home.
Common collocations
- 白天daytime
- 白白in vain, for nothing
- 白费to waste (effort)
- 黑白black and white
Antonyms
Origin
Oracle bone script shows the shape of a white thumb or acorn, representing the color white through a pale object. One of the oldest Chinese characters.