Meaning
先天 refers to qualities, conditions, or characteristics that exist from birth or are inherent in nature, as opposed to acquired later through experience or environment. It commonly describes congenital physical conditions, innate talents, or natural predispositions. The term emphasizes the 'before heaven' or pre-existing nature of something.
Usage
Frequently used in medical contexts to describe congenital conditions (先天性疾病), and in philosophical or educational discussions about nature versus nurture. Often contrasted with 后天 (hòu tiān, acquired/postnatal). Common in both formal writing and everyday speech when discussing inherited traits or conditions present from birth.
Examples
- 01这个孩子有先天性心脏病。.This child has a congenital heart condition.
- 02他的音乐天赋是先天的，不是后天培养的。, .His musical talent is innate, not cultivated later.
Characters
Common collocations
- 先天性congenital (nature)
- 先天不足congenital deficiency
- 先天条件innate conditions/advantages
- 先天因素innate factors
Antonyms
Origin
Literally 'before heaven,' the term originates from classical Chinese philosophy where 天 (tiān) represents the natural order. 先天 thus means what exists before or from the beginning of life, contrasting with 后天 (after heaven/birth).