参考文献 (cān kǎo wén xiàn)

noun HSK 5

Traditional 參考文獻

cān kǎo wén xiàn

reference materials · bibliography · references · works cited

Meaning

This term refers to the list of sources, books, articles, and other materials that were consulted or cited in academic writing, research papers, or scholarly works. It appears at the end of academic documents and provides readers with the information needed to locate the original sources.

Usage

Commonly used in academic and research contexts. In formal papers, 参考文献 appears as a section heading at the end of the document. Native speakers might also use the shortened form 文献 in casual academic discussion. This is a standard term across Chinese academic institutions and publications.

Examples

01
请在论文最后列出所有的参考文献。
Qǐng zài lùn wén zuì hòu liè chū suǒ yǒu de cān kǎo wén xiàn.
Please list all references at the end of the paper.
02
这篇文章的参考文献格式不符合学校的要求。
Zhè piān wén zhāng de cān kǎo wén xiàn gé shì bù fú hé xué xiào de yāo qiú.
The reference format of this article does not meet the school's requirements.

Characters

Measure words

篇piān一篇参考文献
条tiáo五条参考文献

Common collocations

参考文献目录
cān kǎo wén xiàn mù lù
bibliography list
列出参考文献
liè chū cān kǎo wén xiàn
to list references
查阅参考文献
chá yuè cān kǎo wén xiàn
to consult references
参考文献格式
cān kǎo wén xiàn gé shì
reference format

Origin

The term combines 参考 (to consult, to reference) with 文献 (documents, literature). 文献 itself is a classical term referring to written records and historical documents.