auxiliary verb HSK 4
gǎn
to dare · to have the courage to · to venture

Meaning

expresses having the courage or boldness to do something, often something risky or challenging. It can indicate both physical bravery and the audacity to speak or act. As an auxiliary verb, it comes before the main verb to modify it.

Usage

is commonly used in negative constructions (不) to express not daring to do something, often out of fear or respect. In questions with , it challenges someone's courage. It can also appear in rhetorical questions (问) or emphatic statements. The tone can range from admiration for boldness to criticism of recklessness depending on context.

Examples

  1. 01
    一个人去那里吗?
    gǎn yīgè rén nàlǐ ma?
    Do you dare to go there alone?
  2. 02
    我不吃太辣的东西。
    gǎn chī tài de dōngxi.
    I don't dare to eat things that are too spicy.

Common collocations

  • gǎn
    not dare to, don't dare
  • gǎn gǎn
    dare or not, do you dare
  • gǎn
    to dare to, have the courage to
  • gǎn wèn
    may I ask (polite/formal)

Antonyms

Origin

The character originally depicted a hand (又) holding or striking something, combined with elements suggesting boldness or daring action. It has maintained its meaning of courage and audacity throughout Chinese history.

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