adjective / noun HSK 4
tòng
painful · suffering · pain · agony

Meaning

痛苦 describes physical or emotional pain and suffering. It can function as both an adjective meaning 'painful' or 'agonizing' and as a noun meaning 'pain' or 'suffering'. The word emphasizes the intensity of distress, whether from injury, illness, heartbreak, or difficult circumstances.

Usage

Native speakers use 痛苦 in both formal and informal contexts to describe serious suffering. It's more intense than simply 痛 (pain) or 苦 (bitter/hardship) alone. Common in discussions of emotional distress, difficult experiences, and physical agony. Often appears in phrases like 感到痛苦 (to feel pain/suffering) or 痛苦的经历 (painful experience).

Examples

  1. 01
    失去亲人的痛苦让他很难走出来。
    Shī qīn rén de tòng ràng hěn nán zǒu chū lái.
    The pain of losing a loved one made it very difficult for him to move on.
  2. 02
    她的脸上露出痛苦的表情。
    de liǎn shàng chū tòng de biǎo qíng.
    A painful expression appeared on her face.

Characters

Common collocations

  • 感到痛苦
    gǎn dào tòng
    to feel pain/suffering
  • 痛苦的经历
    tòng de jīng
    painful experience
  • 忍受痛苦
    rěn shòu tòng
    to endure suffering
  • 摆脱痛苦
    bǎi tuō tòng
    to escape from suffering

Antonyms

Origin

The combination of 痛 (pain) and 苦 (bitterness/suffering) creates an intensified compound that encompasses both physical and emotional distress. Both characters independently carry meanings of hardship, and together they emphasize the depth of suffering.

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