verb / adverb / preposition HSK 3
Traditional
lián
even · including · to link · to connect · continuous

Meaning

is a versatile word that most commonly functions as an intensifying adverb meaning 'even' to emphasize something surprising or extreme. It also serves as a verb meaning 'to connect' or 'to link together,' and can act as a preposition meaning 'including.' The emphasis function is particularly common in spoken Chinese.

Usage

When used as 'even,' typically appears in the pattern ...都/也... (lián...dōu/yě...) to emphasize that something applies to an extreme or unexpected case. This is one of the most frequent patterns in everyday speech. As a verb meaning 'to connect,' it appears in words like 接 (liánjiē) and 联系 (liánxì). Native speakers use constantly in conversation to add emphasis.

Examples

  1. 01
    中文都不会说。
    lián Zhōngwén dōu huì shuō.
    He can't even speak Chinese.
  2. 02
    这两个城市用高铁起来了。
    Zhè liǎng ge chéngshì yòng gāotiě lián qǐlái le.
    These two cities have been connected by high-speed rail.

Common collocations

  • ...都/也...
    lián...dōu/...
    even... (emphatic pattern)
  • liánmáng
    promptly, at once
  • 续剧
    liánxùjù
    TV series
  • liányè
    that very night, throughout the night

Antonyms

Origin

The character originally depicted a chariot or vehicle in continuous motion, which led to its meanings of 'continuous,' 'to connect,' and by extension 'even/including.'

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