adjective / adverb HSK 3
tūrán
sudden · suddenly · abruptly · unexpectedly

Meaning

突然 describes something that happens quickly and without warning. It can function as an adjective (a sudden event) or, more commonly, as an adverb placed before a verb to indicate that an action occurred unexpectedly. It conveys a sense of surprise or lack of preparation.

Usage

Native speakers frequently use 突然 before verbs to emphasize the unexpected nature of an action. It's common in both spoken and written Chinese. Often appears with 地 in more formal contexts (突然地), though the 地 is frequently omitted in everyday speech. Naturally pairs with verbs describing changes in state or surprising actions.

Examples

  1. 01
    天气突然变冷了。
    Tiānqì tūrán biàn lěng le.
    The weather suddenly turned cold.
  2. 02
    突然站起来走了。
    tūrán zhàn qǐlái zǒu le.
    He suddenly stood up and left.

Characters

Common collocations

  • 突然发现
    tūrán fāxiàn
    suddenly discover/realize
  • 突然想起
    tūrán xiǎngqǐ
    suddenly remember
  • 突然之间
    tūrán zhī jiān
    all of a sudden
  • 突然袭击
    tūrán xíjī
    surprise attack

Antonyms

Origin

突 originally meant to dash or charge forward suddenly, while 然 is a classical suffix indicating manner or state. Together they form a word meaning 'in a sudden manner.'

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